Bleed
When any image, background, or element in the artwork touches the edges of the page, a bleed is required to be applied. When you extend the artwork beyond the edge, bleed is thus applied.
Why Bleed is Required
After printing production has been done, it will be sent to be trimmed to the required size. When stacking all the paper together, there might be a slight misalignment of the artwork on each layer of paper, and trimming might cause the white edge of the paper to be shown. With bleed applied, there will be no white edge of paper shown after trimming
As explained in https://www.digitalprinting.co.uk/support/what-is-bleed/ :
When sending design files, send them with at least 2mm to 10mm bleeds.
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